Gym Survey Free Essays

RHUL FITNESS SUITE SURVEY This is a survey, which aims at measuring the customer satisfaction and the current perception of the RHUL Gym. Please be aware that all data is completely anonymous and will not be shared with third parties, nor will you be contacted further. This will take only 2-3 minutes to fill in and will help us with our final year Marketing Research Project. We will write a custom essay sample on Gym Survey or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thank you very much for participating 1. Are you a member of the RHUL Gym? Yes/No 2. If no, why not? (If you are a member please select the N/A option) * I don’t do sports I visit another gym * I do an alternative type of sport * The RHUL gym doesn’t provide the equipment I need * I can’t afford it * Other:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. * N/A 3. If yes, how many times a week do you visit the gym on average? (Please circle the number that applies to you) 0 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 4. How long have you been a member? – Less than 6 months – 1 year – 2 years – 3 years 5. What kind of membership do you have? – Early Riser (access to Gym and Classes until 15:00pm) – Gold (unlimited access to the gym and classes) – Pay as you go (individual ? payment for every visit) 6. What are your main goals in sport/as a member of the RHUL gym? * To keep fit and healthy * Bul k up * Aid training in other sports * To loose weight * Relax/Relieve Stress * Health reasons, such as rehabilitation etc. * Other (please specify):†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7. What do you mainly use in the gym? * Aerobic Equipment * Cardio Equipment * Weights Room * Classes * Anything, depending on my mood 8. Can you please rate how you feel about the following factors related to the Gym (1 Not satisfied at all – 10 Completely Satisfied) Not Satistied at all Completely Satisfied – Available equipment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – Available space 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – Changing Rooms 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – Showers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gym Instruction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – Customer Service 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – Atmosphere 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – Classes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – Opening hours 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -RHUL SPORT Website 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Accessibility 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – Price 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – Products on offer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9. Please finish the following sentences: – What I like most about the RHUL gym is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. – What I like least about the RHUL gym is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. – The RHUL gym needs more†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10. How did you hear about the RHUL Gym? – Word-of-mouth recommendation Facebook – RHUL Website – Freshers’ Fare – Leaflets – Promoters – Other (please specify)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11. What year are you in? * First * Second * Third * Fourth * Postgraduate 12. Which department do you belong to? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13. What is your gender? * Male * Female * 14. What is your accommodation status? * Halls * Private Housing 15. Please share any additional comments about the RHUL Fitness Suite How likely are you to recommend the RHUL Gym to your friends? * Extremely Likely * Very Likely * Moderately Likely * Slightly likely * Not at all likely How to cite Gym Survey, Essay examples

GRENDEL FRANKENSTEIN AN ANALYSIS OF THE TWO MON Essay Example For Students

GRENDEL FRANKENSTEIN AN ANALYSIS OF THE TWO MON Essay GRENDEL FRANKENSTEIN AN ANALYSIS OF THE TWO MONSTERS AND THEIR SUPERIORITY TO MANKINDGRENDEL FRANKENSTEIN AN ANALYSIS OF THE TWO MONSTERS AND THEIR SUPERIORITY TO MANKINDIn the desertI saw a creature, naked, bestial,Who, squatting upon the ground,Held his heart in his hands,And ate of it.I said, Is it good friend?It is bitter-bitter, he answered;But I like itBecause it is bitterAnd because it is my heart.-Stephen CraneThis reflects how both Grendel and Frankenstein must have felt during their lonely lives. Seeking friends, the fiends found enemies; seeking hope, they found hate(Neilson back page). The monsters simply want to live as the rest of us live. But, in our prejudice of their kind, we banish them from our elite society. Who gave society the right to judge who is acceptable and who is not? A better question might be, who is going to stop them? The answer, no one. Therefore, society continues to alienate the undesirables of our community. Some of the greatest minds of all tim e have been socially unacceptable. Albert Einstein lived alone and rarely wore the same color socks. Van Gogh found comfort only in his art, and the woman who consistently denied his passion. Edgar Allen Poe was different to say the least. Just like these great men, Grendel and Frankenstein do not conform to the societal model. Also like these men, Grendel and Frankenstein are uniquely superior to the rest ofmankind. Their superiority is seen through their guile to live in a society that ostracizes their kind, their true heroism in place of societys romantic view, and the ignorance on which societys opinion of them is formed.Grendel, though he needs to kill to do so, functions very well in his own sphere. Grendel survives in a hostile climate where he is hated and feared by all. He lives in a cave protected by firesnakes so as to physically, as well as spiritually, separate himself from the society that detests, yet admires, him. Grendel is the brute existent by which humankind lear ns to define itself(Gardner 73). Hrothgars thanes continually try to extinguish Grendels infernal rage, while he simply wishes to live in harmony with them.Like Grendel, Frankenstein also learns to live in a society that despises his kind. Frankenstein also must kill, but this is only in response to the peoples abhorrence of him. Ironically, the very doctor who bore him now searches the globe seeking Frankensteins destruction. Even the ever-loving paternal figure now turns away from this outcast from society. Frankenstein journeys to the far reaches of the world to escape from the societal ills that cause society to hate him. He ventures to the harshest, most desolate, most uninhabitable place known to man, the north pole. He lives in isolation, in the cold acceptance of the icy glaciers. Still, Dr. Frankenstein follows, pushing his creation to the edge of the world, hoping he would fall off, never to be seen or heard from again. Frankenstein flees from his father until the Doctors death, whereFrankenstein joins his father in the perpetual, silent acceptance of death.Frankenstein never makes an attempt to become one with society, yet he is finally accepted by the captain to whom he justifies his existence. Frankenstein tracks Dr. Frankenstein as to better explain to himself the nature of own being by understanding the life of his creator. Unstoppable, Frankenstein travels to the ends of the earth to destroy his creator, by destroying everyone Dr. Frankenstein loved (Shelley afterword). As the captain listens to Frankensteins story, he begins to understand his plight. He accepts Frankenstein as a reluctant, yet devoted, servant to his master. Granted that Frankenstein does not belong, he is accepted with admiration by the captain. The respect that Frankenstein has longed for is finally given to him as he announces his suicide in the name of his father, the late Dr. Frankenstein.On the other hand, Grendel makes numerous attempts to assimilate into society, but h e is repeatedly turned back. Early in his life, Grendel dreams of associating with Hrothgars great warriors. Nightly, Grendel goes down to the meadhall to listen to Hrothgars stories and the thanes heroism, but most of all, he comes to hear the Shaper. The Shapers stories are Grendels only education as they enlighten him to the history of the society that he yearns to join. The Shaper changed the world, had torn up its past by its thick gnarled roots and had transmuted it, and they, who knew the truth, remembered it his way- and so did Grendel(Gardner 43). UponGrendels first meeting with Hrothgar, the great hero tries to kill him by chopping him out of a tree. The king (Hrothgar) snatches an ax from the man beside him and, without any warning, he hurls it at Grendel(Gardner 27). After being attacked by those he so admires, he turns against them to wreak havoc on their civilization.The more that society alienates Grendel and Frankenstein, the more they come to realize the invalidity of social heroism. As Grendels oppressors see it, heroism consists of the protection of ones name, the greater glory of their line, and most of all, their armor collection. Beowulf, so movingly compounded with self-vindication, looks to care for his own name and honour(Morgan xxxi-xxxii). According to Frankensteins time, a hero is someone who protects their ladys name, earns greater glory for themselves and their country, and has a large collection of prestigious degrees to hang on their walls. Social heroism is not a single event, it is properly defined as a revolution. It is an on-going, ever-changing series of heroic events. This revolution is not the substitution of immoral for moral, or of illegitimate violence for legitimate violence; it is simply the pitting of power against power, hero against hero, where the issue is freedom for the winners and enslavement of the rest(Gardner 119). This revolution is built on intimidation by the powerful of society to oppress the undesirabl es. Murder and mayhem are the life and soul of the revolution(Gardner 118).This revolution is most evident in John Gardners Grendel. In Hrothgars meadhall, his thanes are discussing the heroic revolutionwith the Shaper. According to the Shaper, the kingdom, those in power, pretends to be protecting the values of all people. Supposedly, the revolution causes the kingdom tosave the values of the community-regulate compromise-improve the quality of the commonwealth. In other words,protect the power of the people in power and repress the restIt rewards people who fit the System best. The Kingsimmediate thanes, the thanes top servants, and so on till you come to the people that dont fit in at all. No problem. Drivethem to the darkest corners of the kingdom, starve them,arrest and execute a few, or put them out to war. Thats how it works. (Gardner 118)In Grendels time, violence is the common denominator in all righteousness. The incitement to violence depends upon total transvaluation of the ordinary values. By a single stroke, the most criminal acts may be converted to heroic and meritorious deeds(Gardner 117). Certainly the only difference between appalling acts of violence and heroic deeds is the matter of who commits them. What might be appropriate for a king would be unheard of by a peasant. This is obviously a social commentary that fits today as well, if not better, than it did then. The rich and powerful still succeed in oppressing the poor and helpless in every culture around the world. If the Revolution ever comes to grief, it will be because the powerful have become alarmed at their own brutality(Gardner 117). Then, as the rich descend, the poor will riseto power in order to complete the revolution. The total ruin of institutions and heroism is in itself an act of creation(Gardner 118). To break the circle would cause evolution, forward progress, that would enhance the natural progress of mankind. But, according to Gardner, this will never happen because the powerful enjoy their present state of grace; and when they helpless rise up, they are immediately repressed in a cry of common good(Gardner 119).Though not as overt as Grendel, the concept of revolution is also displayed in Frankenstein. Frankensteins society ostracizes its undesirables by chasing them to the darkest corners of the world in much the same way that Grendels society does. Frankenstein is driven from his birthplace by his creator only to find that he must hide in shadowed allies to avoid social persecution. In the theme of revolution, the rich control what is acceptable, and to them, Frankenstein definitely does not fit the mold. Next, Frankenstein seeks asylum in the barn of a small farmer. The place where he finds refuge is a cold, dark corner symbolic of how society forces the non-elite from their spheres to places where they cannot be seen, nor heard, and therefore do not exist. After Frankenstein saves the starving family by harvesting their crops, they repay h im by running him off their land. This incident repeats itself throughout Frankensteins journeys. Finally, Frankenstein is forced into the cold wasteland of the Arctic circle. In this uninhabitable place there is no one to persecute him. Yet the doctor maliciously continues to follow Frankenstein, hoping to completely destroy his creation. When Dr.Frankenstein dies, his monster is the first to come to lay his body to rest and follow him into the afterlife.Frankenstein fits the idea of a true hero, rather than the romantic view of heroism shared by society. He is chivalrous, loyal, and true to himself. Frankenstein shows his chivalry by helping a family in need and still accepting their hatred of him. He acts to help others although he receives nothing in return. Frankenstein holds absolute loyalty to his creator. Dr. Frankenstein shuns his creation, Frankenstein, and devotes his life to killing the monster, yet Frankenstein is the first to show respect to his fallen master after his death. Frankenstein builds a funeral pyre to honor his master and creator who despised him during his life. Frankensteins loyalty extends as far as the ritual suicide he commits while cremating the body of his creator. Most importantly, Frankenstein is true to himself. Society wishes that he would cease to exist, so their opinion is irrelevant to him. His creator shuns him, but Frankenstein learns to cope with his own emotions in order to support himself. Frankenstein relies solely on what he believes in, not in what society believes to be important. His actions are based upon his own assessment of situations, rather than what is socially acceptable.Grendel is also isolated from society, and his actions also classify him as a true hero. Like Frankenstein, Grendel has little outside influence and has to rely on his own emotions to make decisions. Grendel possesses bravery, yet he does not have the foolish pride of Beowulf. The first virtue of heroism is bravery,but even more, it is blind courage(Nicholson 47). Grendel is the epitome of blind courage. For example, when the bull attacks Grendel, he simply calculates the bulls movements and fearlessly moves out of the way. Even when the bull rips through his leg, Grendel is not afraid. Grendel repeatedly charges into the meadhall and destroys its best warriors without a second thought. Grendel even has the courage to taunt Hrothgars bravest thanes by throwing apples at them. Grendel breaks up their wooden gods like kindling and topples their gods of stone(Gardner 128). It is this type of blind courage that Grendel believes saves his life in battle. Fate will often spare a man if his courage holds(Gardner 162). Beowulf, on the other hand, is foolish in his approach to battle. He goes to fight an immortal opponent, the dragon, and is killed because of his pride. His very valor, wisdom, and magnanimity, expended unstindtly, lead only to a heros grave in a land soon to be conquered(Brodeur 105). Grendels blind courag e is far superior to the blind stupidity of Beowulf.Just as societys heroes fight foolishly, their opinions are made by prejudice and reflect the ignorance of humankind. Both monsters are seen as the minions of evil, and even of Satan himself. Grendel is placed in a Biblical lineage of evil reaching back to the first murder(Hamilton 105). Even the author of the poem alludes to the descent of the race of Grendel from Cain(Donaldson 1688). Frankenstein is proposed to be of accursed origin(Milton 130). However, neither of the two can be properly defined as Satanic,especially on the information known to the rest of society. Continuing, this belief causes extended prejudice of the monsters even in our society today.Through the predetermined opinions of society, Grendel is seen as an evil come to destroy all of mankind. Grendel is a victim of society, he was not born inherently evil. Woe to him who is compelled, through cruel persecution, to thrust his soul into the embrace of fire, to ho pe for no solace(Kennedy 9). Society unduly restrains Grendel to heinous stereotypes that he does not fit. For example, another character more closely fits the description of Cain than Grendel. The only one of the personages of the poem who is clearly said to be destined to suffer in hell is Unferth, who, in his responsibility for the death of his brothers, has committed the sin of Cain(Brodeur 218). Clearly, it is not Grendel that should be condemned. He only tries to assimilate into society, but after being continually rejected he turns to violence in response to societys hatred of him. Similar to Grendel, Frankenstein is also pictured as satanic. Brooks concurs in saying that society views Frankenstein to be a unique creation, like Adam united by no link to any other being in existence'(Milton 129), yet by his condition more resembling Satan(210). There are times when he scarcely seems to be of this earth(Venables 59). Also like Grendel, Frankenstein was not born evil, he was for ced into his way of life by the society that rejected him. After this rejection, Frankenstein like the arch-fiend, bore ahell within him(Shelley 136). To each man his own god, and to each man his own devil as well. Frankenstein, like Coleridges wedding guest, leaves a sadder and wiser man'(Scott 201). He now better understands his existence and how society wrongfully rejects it. Frankenstein simply wants society to have the knowledge that might enable him to make them overlook the deformity of his figure(Shelley 114). Man how ignorant art thou in thy pride of wisdom!(Shelley 201).Grendels and Frankensteins superiority to humankind is made obvious by their ability to live in a society that has ostracized them, the monsters true heroism in place of humankinds romantic view, and the ignorance on which societys opinion of the monsters is based. The monsters not only embody our fears of the way certain entities can artificially pervert nature in ourselves and our society, they also speak to us knowledgeably of nature and in a human voice, to tell us we need not be afraid of them(Scott 201). Gattaca the movie and discrimi Essay

Advantages of living in city free essay sample

Big city is where you can see many vehicles, many skyscrapers, and many people with a hurry pace of life. That place can fascinate us very much due to its light and luxury. Nowadays, more and more people want to live there because they see many advantages. Indeed, in a big city, people can have the best chances to work as well as can enjoy the best service and entertainment. In a big city, people can take the chances to study and work best. There are many good Universities for u to choose in a big city. There you can express your ability to study what you like. Moreover, when you graduate, you also find it easier to find chances to get a good job with good salary, which is quite difficult in small cities or countryside; because there concentrates many big companies and groups. Hence, many graduate students choose big cities to live and work. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages of living in city or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In short, it is where you can take advantages for yourself. In addition, in a big city you can enjoy the best service and entertainment. Because there are many rich people here, they can invest much money to get the best for them. Lives in a big city are quite luxurious but you dont have to be worried when you are sick or suffer a disease because there you can find good doctors for you, as long as you have much money. Whats more, in a big city you can enjoy new entertainment such as new games or luxury games. Many people can argue that living in a big city makes them tired with noise and dash. They like the slow pace of life in a countryside. But I think that you can live there for a long time because the young always like to enjoy new things and want to have much money, which is very difficult to do in countryside. However, when you get older, especially when you retire, countryside will the best choice to live. In summary, living in a big city has many advantages. However, you have to try your best to overcome all difficulties such as hard competition in workplace or polluted environment. You should not complain when face up to disadvantages of it. Travelling As a Hobby A hobby, whatever it may be is definitely a fun activity and a stress buster. There are so many activities people do in their free time and to relax their stressed mind. The common and popular hobbies are Stamp and coin collection, music, painting, photography, reading and cooking. Among long, long list of various hobby activities, there is one interesting, informative and adventurous hobby which is also one of the most popular and loved pastimes. That is travelling. For some it is a waste of time and money. They argue to use an alternative and read a book or watch a film related to places to be travelled. For others, there is no doubt that a person gets more life experience by walking a mile than reading an entire book. Its a feeling of freedom, Freedom from routine and a great experience each time. You can make new friends, get rid of day to day frustrations, and give yourself some time to experience something new. People who like and enjoy travelling have different options to try every time; a crowded market, historical momentum, a lonesome beach, and high hills and many more. The world is so big and there are so many places to visit. Each has a different beauty, various creatures, culture, speciality, language, history, and weather. The hobby of travelling is a hobby of enduring the beauty of Gods creativity and skill fullness. Travelling gives you a great break from your routine and an opportunity to learn a new culture, old history and make lifelong friends. The people you come across and interact with, will give you a new heritage. They may open up your mind from a particular bend of thinking. Travelling is a perfect educational hobby as it helps you learn a lot of new things in life. I really like travelling. It is so interesting and gives me much experience. I am trying to go travel and experience many things as much as possible. Learning English A lot of international students come to America to learn English. English is important because it is the most common language in the world. Almost 60% people in the world use English regularly. Learning English is very important because it improves one’s chance of getting a good job, helps one communicate in foreign countries, and broadens one’s social networking. First, learning English improves the chance of getting a good job. Companies which deal with international clients and suppliers rely on English-speaking employees to interpret for them with the day-to-day operations. The requirements for the position consists the ability to speak English. Therefore, learning English improves one’s chance of getting this position. Secondly, people who understand English can travel much more countries by themselves than people who do not speak English. A lot of countries are using English around the world. Even if one enters countries whose main languages do not include English, one would probably see signs such as â€Å"OK†, â€Å"Yes†, and â€Å"No. † Understanding English helps tremendously when traveling because one can communicate and understand better. Finally, learning English broadens one’s social networking. For example, people who speak English have a better chance at being accepted into training programs or colleges in English-speaking countries. They can make friends easier if they know English. They can also make friends all around the world just by using instant messengers online. Knowing English broadens one’s social networking because they can communicate with people around the world. In conclusion, learning English is necessary today. English is the most common language in the world. Knowing English improves one’s chance at getting a good job. Furthermore, English is very useful for going travel and expand your social relationship networking. WEATHER IN VIET NAM As you know, Vietnam covers a distance of 1,650 kilometers from north to south. Vietnam’s weather varies from the sub-tropics in the North to the tropics in the South. In North Vietnam, there are 4 seasons: Summer, winter, spring and autumn. But there are only 2 seasons  in South and middle Vietnam. The north experiences four distinct seasons. Temperatures here can drop down to 15 °C, and to lower numbers when up in the highlands. The spring season of March to April often has cool and pleasant weather. It eases into chillier temperatures during the autumn months of October to early winter in December. The temperatures vary, but bring along thick coats and some winter gear to ward off the chill. Summer season in the north is typically hot and wet, so bring along an umbrella and lightweight rain gear during these months. The central region is divided into the coast and the highlands. The coastal area is hotter and drier than the other areas when summer rolls in from July to November. Oddly enough, it is also prone to storms and typhoons during these months. When the monsoon months happen from November to March, the area experiences more rainfall than usual. The central highlands experience the highest amount of rainfall in the entire country. Temperatures are particularly cooler here, especially in two towns, The Southern region of Vietnam is considered to be the country’s busiest area. Here you can find the country’s biggest city, Ho Chi Minh City. This region experiences the typical tropical weather. Its two seasons are mainly dry and rainy, as well as the expected hot summer season. The monsoon season arrives in May and continues to November, you should bring along an umbrella as it tends to rain continuously. The dry season happens around February to April, while December up until March brings about the cooler seasons in the area. In summary, we are experienced many weather types in Viet Nam. There is difference between each region because the country covers large distance from the north to the south. YOUR HOUSE The house we are living in is situated in the suburb of HN city, within thirty minutes’ drive off  the central city. We have lived there for more than twenty years. This is a fairly large house surrounded with a luxuriant garden. My house  consists of four bed-rooms, a living-room, a bathroom with a shower, a dining-room, a kitchen and a toilet. It is air-conditioned and well-furnished. The living-room is decorated beautifully. Paintings by famous artists are hung on the walls. At night, the color neon lights increase the beauty and coziness of the room. There, on Sundays and holidays my father usually spends his time playing chess or drinking tea with his friends. My mother and my two sisters are diligent and hard-working women. They often keep  the house  clean and tidy. On suffocating days of summer, we usually take meals in the garden. It is fairly cool and quiet here. We enjoy our meals amid the melodious twitters of birds. On stormy and rainy  nights  all whole family members gather in the living-room, watching television or telling each other about their daily activities. I love my house very much  because it is the place where I was born and have grown up in the education of my father and in the tender loving care of my mother. I have spent my whole childhood in the love and affection of my dear ones with so many  sweet memories. Of course, all is my imagination. I always wish to have a such house. And I am trying to make this dreaming house come true. Hope that coming soon.

Medical Law Essays

Medical Law Essays Medical Law Paper Medical Law Paper In case a woman is extremely mentally retarded, English courts have allowed non-consensual sterilizations. However, the courts have balanced their stand points by recognizing the right of a woman to have a child as a basic right. In cases where the non-consensual sterilizations have assumed the role of a therapy, the courts have allowed non-consensual sterilizations. Still, through caution and watchfulness the justices have prevented non-consensual sterilizations from becoming coercive and successfully limited the involuntary sterilizations. To an extent, the application of the English law has depended on the application the courts with respect to non-consensual sterilisation. The application of non-consensual sterilization is used in case of mentally handicapped females. The courts have disallowed non-consensual sterilization of a mentally handicapped female in cases where she is likely to have the legal capacity to marry (Re D [1976] 1 All ER 326). Courts have allowed non-consensual sterilizations only in those cases where it has been accepted that the female will not legally be able to enter into marriage (Jackson. J, 2006),. Similarly, in case the court can use its â€Å"parens patriae† powers and authorize the non-consensual sterilisation of a mentally handicapped young woman. This was done in L v. L’s Curator and Litem (1997 SLT 167). The extent to which the legal framework has been able to stop non-coercive sterilization depends on the decisions that have been taken by the English courts. In general there has been a number of cases in courts that have come up relating to learning disabilities where the need for non-consensual sterilisation have been debated in the court. In these cases the purpose of sterilization has been for contraception. The court has granted permission for sterilizations in some cases. (C. f. T v. T and another [1988] 1 All ER 613; In re B( A Minor)(Wardship: Sterilization) [1990] 2 AC 1 (HL)). What the court sees is the severity of the handicap and then decides. The moot point is that if there is a treatment of a mentally incapacitated woman, if the court feels that it is in the best interest of the woman to be sterilized then the courts have given their consent. Are these sterilizations coercive? This can only be ascertained by examining the assumptions made by the court regarding the interests in parenting or about the sexuality of the ‘mentally incapacitated persons’ If these assumptions are not backed by adequate evidence then we would need to re-examine the decisions of the court (Chinkin. C, 2006),. If these suppositions are backed by solid validation then we could conclude that non-consensual sterilizations were warranted and these sterilizations were not coercive. It is important the non-consensual sterilization should be coercive and strictly limit involuntary non-consensual sterilizations because otherwise these will be viewed as a image of state oppression. In addition, this creates an impression that the state is somehow involved in the eugenics and the body politic exercises power over the choice of individuals (The Law Reform Commission 2005). The question that is related to non-consensual sterilizations is whether there is still any factor related to eugenics when the courts sanction non-consensual sterilizations for the mentally challenged. The very small number of instances when the court has permitted non-consensual sterilizations refutes this claim. In the UK there are a number of situations in which non-consensual sterilizations have been disallowed. For example in Re B. (a Minor) (Wardship: Sterilisation) (1987), [1988] 1 A. C. 199, [1987] 2 All E. R. 206 (H. L. ) [Re B. (H. L. ) cited to A. C. ] the Lordships ruled out that social or eugenic reasons can be used for non-consensual sterilizations. However, the judges allowed wardship jurisdiction to justify non-consensual sterilizations as it involved a seventeen-year old woman who had substantial mental difficulties. In this case her overseers felt that pregnancy at this point would lead to severe difficulties and other forms of contraception were ruled out. In such extreme cases non-consensual sterilizations are allowed by the law (Cook. R, Dickens. B Fathalla. M 2003). It seems that the law has been successful in avoiding coercive sterilizations and to limit involuntary non-consensual sterilizations. During judgements it has been established that non-consensual sterilizations could be lawful only if it was in the best interests of the woman to become permanently sterilized (Mason, J. K. and McCall Smith, R. A. , 1994). In case of minor women the law gives wardship jurisdiction to the court, so that it can act in the best interests of the ward [1990] 2 A. C. 1 (H. L. ) [Re F. ]. In the application of the law it has been observed that the courts have been able to limit involuntary non-consensual sterilizations and have acted as mediators between the individuals and society. There are two perspectives. From one standpoint, every individual has the right to protect his body from imposition, on the other hand pregnancy and birth can affect the body of the individual and that may be against the interests of the person or the society. Originally the laws that were framed for non-consensual sterilizations had been written for protecting the interests of the society; however, the current use of these laws has been mainly to protect the interests of the individual. In other words, the law has been successful in avoiding coercive sterilizations because the law has allowed non-consensual sterilizations mainly to ensure bodily integrity of the woman. The one area where the UK courts have given permission for non-consensual sterilizations is where the mental condition of the woman is very grave. Now if the body should not be intruded, why should the courts allow non-consensual sterilizations? The explanation is that the woman’s body need medical treatment. The sterilization is characterized as a saving the woman. The woman cannot claim protection against intrusion if the intrusion into her body has been perceived as benevolent. The principles of dignity and freedom do not provide this protection. The ailment lies in the body of the woman whose reproductive ability is not under control. Once this characterization by the law is in place, then eliminating the threat of pregnancy is a liberating and empowering. However, the law has held that parents or guardians cannot give consent to surgical procedures for contraception on a mentally retarded person. In other words the therapeutic validity of the surgery should be established in court. The general principle that has been followed in UK courts is that physical integrity has been given greater importance than ‘right to be protected against pregnancy’. This has helped avoid coercive sterilizations and limit involuntary sterilizations. What has helped the law avoid coercive sterilizations and limit involuntary sterilizations is the recognition of the fact that non-consensual sterilizations is an irreversible operation and takes away the fundamental human right of the woman to reproduce. The court should not take away this basic human right. However, the right to develop a family is dependent upon the court’s evaluation of the individual’s ability to appreciate that right. In this manner the court reserves the right to decide if the individual can comprehend the right to start a family. It is to be understood that the courts in UK have not asserted that non-consensual sterilizations are lawful. On the other hand the bodily integrity of the individual and freedom of the woman is perceived to have been enhanced by the sterilizations. The circumspection of the court prevents coercive sterilizations and limits involuntary sterilizations. The basic premises on which the English law was framed related to the belief that relating sterilizing women who were mentally disabled was advisable because they were inept at parenting and that the lives of the mentally disabled would be enhanced if they did not have parenting responsibilities. To sum, the English law has been able to avoid coercive sterilizations and strictly limit involuntary but non-coercive sterilizations. Where the woman has been found capable of marrying, the courts have not allowed non-consensual sterilizations. In addition, the courts have recognized the importance of inviolability of the woman’s body, her freedom and her right to found a family. This balanced perspective of the courts has ensured that coercive sterilizations are avoided and involuntary non-consensual sterilizations are limited to the minimum. References: Chinkin. C, (2006), Health and Human Rights, Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from: nuffieldtrust. org. uk/uploadedFiles/Grants/Chinkin_52-59. pdf. Cook. R, Dickens. B Fathalla. M (2003), Reproductive Health and Human Rights: Integrating Medicine, ethics, and Law, Oxford University Press. Jackson. J, (2006), Ethics in Medicine, Blackwell Publishing Mason, J. K. and McCall Smith, R. A. , (1994) Law and Medical Ethics, (4th Ed), London, Butterworths, . The Law Reform Commission (2005) Consultation Paper on Vulnerable Adults an the Law: Capacity, Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from: lawreform. ie/files/Consultation%20Paper%20on%20Capacity%20_final%20version_. pdf

Female Offenders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Female Offenders - Essay Example For some time, many social scientists have ignored the diversity of the women's prison population and the differential treatment to which women of various backgrounds have been subjected. These omissions have affected the type of information available on women in the criminal justice system as it relates exclusively to the issue of gender. Largely, the study of criminology has treated female offenders with some measure of indifference. This is derived from tradition culture that have been conceived in maintain esteem for men's autonomy, intelligence and force of character while disdaining women for their weaknesses of compliance and passivity. In the essay of Kerry Brave entitled "Crime and Gender" (2003), she enthuses that women who conform as pure, obedient daughters, wives and mothers benefit men and society (Feinman, 1994: 16). Those women who don't, that is are non-conforming, may simply be one who questions established beliefs or practices, or one who engages in activities associated with men, or one who commits a crime. These women are doubly damned and doubly deviant (Bottoms, 1996: 1). They are seen as 'mad' not 'bad' (Lloyd, 1995: 36). These behaviours frequently lead to interpretations of being mentally abnormal and unstable. Those doing the defining, by the very act, are never defined as 'other', but are t he norm. As 'men' are the norm, women are deviant. Women are defined in reference to men (Lloyd, 1995: xvii). In the words of Young (1990), 'sexual difference is one of the ways in which normal is marked out from deviant'. So why do these differences exist within the criminal justice system and society as a whole In order to understand why offending and punishment differs between genders it is important to acknowledge and analyse past perceptions, theories and perspectives from predominant sociologists and criminologists of that time towards women in society. Given the emergence of a psychology of women in the mainstream of research and practice, Miller and Trapani (1995) suggested that it is critical that correctional educational practices become responsive to adolescent females. While in the past, few research studies focused on the needs and characteristics of adolescent female offenders, there is some evidence from recent investigations suggesting that adolescent females have unique needs. Most correctional educational programs, assessment procedures, and curricula have been developed on a knowledge base obtained from studies conducted with adolescent male offenders. The profile of the adolescent female now emerging from psychological, educational and sociological research suggests that programmatic changes are necessary if we are to meet the special needs of these females. Although research on adolescent females is a relatively new area of study, much information is now available that points to differences between female and male adolescents. Research has revealed that adolescent females experience more episodes of depression throughout adolescence than do males (Rutter, 1986), attempt suicide more frequently (Rosenthal, 1981), and exhibit lower levels of resilience (Block, 1990). As adolescence progresses, females' self-esteem becomes diminished, whereas young males' self-concept and self-esteem improve (American Association of University Women, 1991). Adolescent females

Memorandum Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Memorandum - Term Paper Example However, due to previous conflicts with her husband, based on domestic abuse, she had to face infliction by Cranston who was her neighbor in Youngsville, wherein Cranston was reported to have an illegitimate claim on the property. As a consequence, the continuous disruptive behavior of Cranston had severely impacted the psychological condition of Walsh causing her emotional distress. In relation to the provisions included under the Public Law, it can be stated that Walsh has a claim against Cranston due to his behavior of intentional infliction, which led her to suffer severe emotional depression. In this case, the continuous emotional distress intentionally caused by Cranston can also be treated as an offense, affecting psychological well-being of Walsh. BRIEF ANSWER TO THE CONCLUSION In relation to the case scenario, the conduct of intentional infliction by Cranston applying various means can be recognized to be guided by the purpose of forcing Walsh to leave the Youngsville commun ity and the property. The case records also reveal that the intentional behavior of Cranston was influenced due to the previous records of Walsh concerning the conflicts with her husband. ... The continuous intentional pressure imposed on Walsh by Cranston, to leave the residing place finally made Walsh to face severe psychological depression. Moreover, using PYR's "official" eviction notices can also be considered as the violation of public law by Cranston, which in turn also calls for an investigation to the justness of his claims as per the relevant statutes of property law. Further investigations of the justness of corporate claims brought by Cranston using the official eviction letter from PYR, it can be justified whether the claimant can force any individual to leave any residing place. In this context, Cranston should procure adequate evidence regarding the illegal residing process of Walsh in that particular community. Additionally, Cranston must need to bear adequate formalities, if he desires to prosecute any legal case against Walsh. In this regard, Walsh can also raise major legal actions against Cranston due to his continuous conduct of intentional infliction practices in order to force her to leave Youngsville. Subsequently, she can adopt adequate legal measures on the grounds of intentional infliction conducted by Cranston, causing her psychological depression and nervous wreck. STATEMENT OF FACTS With regard to the background of the case, the major purpose of Cranston was to form Youngsville community, primarily with retired persons. In order to accomplish the goal of establishing Youngsville community for the retired persons, Cranston has been identified to send â€Å"eviction notice† to the families having minor children, who were residing within the particular community. However, it has been

Occupational health and safety laws in Sydney, NSW Case Study

Occupational health and safety laws in Sydney, NSW - Case Study Example As most the guests who are attending this event hold VIP status, it is very important for Luna Park officials and Event Organizer to look after the safety and welfare of the guests. Literature Review: Workplace safety should always be given a high priority. It does not matter if you are running an organization or conducting an event, you, as an organizer or a manager, should look at various things that directly or indirectly affect workplace safety. Be it a severe accident or negligible accident, it affects people health and organization’s reputation. The occupational health and safety act clearly demands event organizers should maintain a risk register and site induction to ensure all the responsibilities are properly delegated to each and every individual. Site Induction paper will help event organizer in assigning the tasks. The site induction paper needs to be discussed among the group of people who look after various tasks when an event is going on. Site Induction paper w ill have the details of site management team and event details. Site Induction paper also describes the procedure requirements including accident reporting, first aid facilities, fire precautions, smoking zone, evacuation, housekeeping, storage facilities, protocol (If politicians visit the event, common arrangements and other miscellaneous details. So, without site induction paper, it would be very difficult to organize an event. Risk is always there in organizing every event but taking the right care and following proper procedures help mitigating the risk. Risk Identification There are several types of risks involved when organizing an event. Majorly, the... The paper tells that every event organizer should oblige to conduct a risk management process at the site where the event is going to take place. Developing a site induction report and get it signed by venue manager, event organizer and other people who are involved in the process. The site induction paper helps to assign responsibilities to concerned people and mitigate the risk. The site induction paper should be read by each and every personnel who are involved in the process. The site induction paper also describes who should be contacted at the time of various emergency levels. The risk is broadly categorized into three types and each type of risk may cause damage to audience who attend the event. So, it is necessary to understand the severity of the hazards and likelihood of the hazard. Most of the event organizers or venue managers will have a chart to identify highly hazardous places or activities. Luna Park has its own risk management policies in place. The only thing needed is the co-ordination between the event organizer and venue manager who works from hotel side. OH &S demands event organizers to identify the hazards and address them well in advance to the event. The evacuation procedure at the time of emergency should be perfectly documented so that the people who are engaged in evacuation activities know their responsibilities. By taking the help of Work Method Statement, it is very much possible for event organizer or venue manager to mitigate the risk at Luna Park.